Renewable fuels development is an integral part of the public policies mix highlighted by policy makers to decarbonize the transportation sector. Widespread deployment of energy transition technologies will largely depend on the attitudes of consumers and citizens. This paper investigates the acceptance by the French population to pay a new annual tax to finance the development of new biofuels in order to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in this sector. With a Discrete Choice Experiment conducted among about 997 French citizens in 2018, we analyze preferences for different biofuel development policies. Using a two-stage method, we are particularly interested in the heterogeneity of these preferences. The first stage uses a random parameters logit model. It highlights the heterogeneity of preferences for the attributes within our sample. The means of marginal willingness to pay stemming from the random parameter model are 71, 105 and 142 euros for 20%, 30% and 50% reduction in GHGs emissions compared to 5% reduction. In addition, the support to agricultural sector and the avoidance of food price increase are valued, in mean, respectively at 60 euros and 39 euros. The second stage model uses a panel random-effect regression to estimate the influence of socioeconomic and spatial characteristics on marginal willingness to pay for each of the choice experiment attributes except for emissions reduction. We show that French citizens can be split into two categories depending on the agricultural specialization of its localization. We also found two other distinct determinants among these two groups of French citizens. The marginal willingness to pay of the first one is negatively linked to the perception of tax burden while the income is a determinant for the second one.